Guide to Costa Rican Spanish

Special to A.M. Costa Rica

With the World Cup just 18 days away the interest in soccer here is really heating up. The Cup is contested every four years and is the Super Bowl of soccer. This year’s edition of the cup will be held in South Africa. Retirees in Costa Rica are bound to become interested in soccer or fútbol as it is called in the Spanish-speaking world. The game is almost a religion.

Whenever there is a major soccer game, everything comes to a stop and the party begins. Children of all ages can be seen playing soccer on the weekends. Adults even play informal games during their lunch breaks called mejengas.

Recently I watched a clasicazo (classic) soccer game with my son. It was between perennial powers Real Madrid and Barcelona. The latter won 2-0, marking the second time the team has defeated Real Madrid at home. Barcelona is led by the superhuman Lio Messi, who is considered the best player in the world, and Real Madrid is led by Cristiano Ronaldo, the “Pretty Boy” of world soccer. In Costa Rica we have a clasicazo which refers to games played between arch rivals Alajuela, known as La Liga, and Saprissa, known as El Monstruo.

Basically, here is how soccer is played:

Using a round ball, a soccer match is played by two teams wearing different colored shirts. Each team consists of not more than 11 players, one of whom is the goalkeeper. An official match may not start if either team consists of fewer than seven players.

Up to a maximum of three substitutes may be used in any match played in an official competition organized under the auspices of the world governing body, the Federation Internationale de Football Assocation.

In other competition, the rules must state how many substitutes may be nominated, from three up to a maximum of seven. The duration of an official match is 90 minutes played in two halves — each half lasting 45 minutes.

The aim of the game is for one team to score more goals than the opposing team. The winning team is the team that has scored the most goals at the end of the game. Players score a goal when they succeed in moving the whole ball over the opposing team’s goal line, between the goalposts and under the crossbar. Players may use any part of their body except their arms and hands (unless they are tending goal).

The ball is out of play when it has wholly crossed the goal line, or touch line — whether on the ground or in the air, and when play has been stopped by the referee.

The game is controlled by one referee on the playing field and two assistant referees placed on opposite sidelines. The field (or pitch) of play must be rectangular. The length of the touch line must be greater than the length of the goal line.

Length: minimum 90 meters (98.4 yards), maximum 120 meters (131.2 yards). Width: minimum 45 meters (49.2 yards), maximum 90 meters (98.4 yards).

International matches: Length: minimum 100 meters (109.4 yards) maximum 110 meters (120.3 yards) Width: minimum 64 meters (70 yards) maximum 75 meters (82 yards).

The field of play is marked with lines. These lines belong to the areas of which they are boundaries. The two longer boundary lines are called touch-lines. The two shorter lines are called goal lines. The field of play is divided into two halves by a halfway line. The center mark is indicated at the midpoint of the halfway line. A circle with a radius of 9.15 meters (10 yards) is marked around it.

A goal area is defined at each end of the field. A penalty area is defined at each end of the field. Goals must be placed on the center of each goal line.

Soccer vocabulary:

árbitro — referee

banda — sideline

cabezazo — header

cancha — field

defensa - The defense taken as a whole is la defensa. The back four is also termed la zaga

*Courtesy of Inside Costa Rica

The Arizona immigration law controversy is spilling into others states, like Alabama where gubernatorial candidate Tim James, in an attempt to boost his ratings in the polls, by coming out with a television ad “we speak English in Alabama”, promising that driver’s license testing in that state will be only in English is he elected governor.

This recent act of xenophobia brings out the question how does a small country like Costa Rica with the many languages spoken here.

Of course, any American visiting Costa Rica knows well that Spanish is the official language in the tiny Central American nation.

Canadians are the exception, for though there are two official languages in Canada – French and English – a barrage of other languages, though not official, are spoken. Just turn on a television set in Toronto.

In Costa Rica, there is no “official” second language, though English is common, especially in areas like Escazú. So is Chinese. Italian and French can be easily overheard at a local restaurant or coffee shop. And there is the variation in Spanish, from the language spoken in the old country (Spain), to Nicaraguan, to Colombian to Cuban, etc.

In reference to Alabama’s James, drivers license tests in Costa Rica – both written and driven – are in Spanish. The forms are in Spanish, the people behind the counter processing the license speak only Spanish. And so do the driving testers.

Notwithstanding, there are thousands of Americans and other non Spanish speaking drivers in Costa Rica, with a valid drivers license. Yes, if they have a drivers license from their home country, the process is abbreviated. Nonetheless, the abbreviated process is all in Spanish.

And although many foreigners, mainly Americans, refuse of find learning a new language difficult, you need to learn Spanish in Costa Rica to enjoy “pura vida”.

Speaking the language is important for the “official” part of living in Costa Rica, like getting a drivers license or a residency or any interaction with a government institution or agency.

The business and commercial part is different, here foreigners can choose the language of choice. Merchants, service providers, hotels, restaurants, etc by an large have included English in their daily transactions. Some specialty business cater to specific language groups.

This is all part of being pragmatic.

In Costa Rica, you don’t hear politicians, like in the recent presidential elections or up coming municipal elections at the end of the year, spouting that everyone should speak Spanish and that all services are in Spanish.

Lets be realistic, today’s world is different than that of the past. Foreign travel is part of modern life and not everyone is required to speak English to travel.

The Costa Rican tourism board, although officially speaks Spanish, it does provide a number of services and guides in English. The practical approach of the tourism board if to offer a place where tourists, be it English, Chinese or Italian speaking, can obtain the basic information to get gas, food, lodging and medical attention.

We are not advocating that Alabama adopt a language other than English as the official language. It should be up to foreigners to learn English, like Alabamans coming to Costa Rica learn Spanish.

This xenophobic approach by states and countries goes against a “unified” world, where people, races and cutlures come together.

Speaking a common language is important in bringing these groups together. So, in Costa Rica, we speak Spanish. But we don’t need politicians to tell us or reassure us of that.

Feet are used in many Spanish expressions.

There are many uses of the words feet and foot in idiomatic expressions. The word for foot in Spanish is el pie, pronounced (pee-ay). The word pata is generally used to refer to the leg on a piece of furniture or an animal’s foot.

However, in jest pata is sometimes used to refer to a human’s feet. For example: Estar con un pie en la tumba means to have one’s foot in the grave. Often expats will hear Estar con una pata en la tumba, which means the same thing. They may also hear, Voy a pie (I’m going on foot). But some people say jokingly, Voy a pata. Pata can be used to get a laugh out of people (sacarles una cacajada).

Hear are some expressions using pie and pata:

A pie firme – steadily (progress).
Al pie de la letra – to the letter, exactly.
Al pie del cañon – to be working. Morir al pie del cañon means to die with your boots on.
Balompié – soccer.
Buscar tres pies al gato – to look for trouble (to look for three feet on a cat).
Cienpies – centipede.
Comenzar con el pie derecho – to start off on the right foot. Comenzar con la pata derecha.
Con pies de plomo – Carefully (with lead feet).
De pies a cabeza – from toe to head. Lo revisé de pies a cabeza. I examined it from head to toe.
En pie – standing like a house that survived a hurricane.
Estar con una pata en la tumba – to have one foot in the grave.
Estirar la pata – to die or kick the bucket. Patear el balde also means to kick the bucket.
Ir a pie – to go on foot. Vamos a pie. Let’s go on foot.
Meter la pata – to put your foot in your mouth.
Nacer de pie – to be born lucky.
No tener ni pies ni cabeza – not to make heads or tails of it or it makes no sense.
Pata de palo – peg leg.
Patas arriba – upside down or topsy-turvy (a mess).
Patas de gallina – crow’s feet (wrinkles around the eyes).
Patear – to kick.
Patear el culo – to kick someone’s butt (vulgar).
Patituerto/a – pigeon-toed. Also heard are patas de pato and pies encontrados.
Patón – someone with big feet.
Perder el pie – to lose one’s footing.
Pie de atleta – athlete’s foot.
Pies planos – flat feet.
Ponerse de pie – to stand up.
Saber de qué pie cojea – to know one’s weak point. El lado flaco or talón de Aquiles means the same thing.
Se le fueron los pies – to stumble. Literally his feet went out from under him.
Sólo salgo con los pies de frente – You’ll only take me out of here feet first (dead).
Soldado a pie – foot soldier, infantry.

Related Tiquismos (Costa Rican expressions):

A pata pelada – bare feet.
Bailar en una pata – to be happy,
Con toda la pata – when a person feels great.
Echar patas – to disappear or used when an object gets robbed.
Estar con una pata en el estribo – to be about to do something or have one foot out the door.
Llevar entre patas – to possess a woman sexually (vulgar).
Parar las patas – to fall.
Pata caliente – someone who likes to travel or hang out in the street.
Pata de chancho – a crow bar.
Pata de perro –means the same as pata caliente.
Patas vueltas – a good-for-nothing or insignificant person.
Patear con los dos – to be bisexual.
Salir con una pata de banco – used when a single woman gets pregnant.
Tener patas – to have pull or influence.
Volar pata – to walk.
Zafarse las patas – to commit an error or get pregnant as a single woman

Whether you like it or not the rainy season is now upon us. Anyone who lives here knows that in Costa Rica there are more rainy months than dry months. The rainy season or invierno, usually runs from May to November but this can vary from year to year. At times, there is an unseasonably dry spell or Indian summer at the end of June. The Costa Ricans call this pause in the rainy weather, Veranillo (de San Juan), or “little summer.” Some years there is a relatively dry period in August which is referred to as canícula when there is a respite in the May to November rains.

In Spanish there are a lot of words and expressions that have to do with water and rain. Here are some of them. Have fun with this.

A las aguas mansas hay que tenerles miedo – be careful of calm waters (literally). Beware of the meek and mild (figuratively).
Abril lluvioso, saca a mayo florido y hermoso – April showers bring May flowers
Agua bendita – a loose woman. Everyone sticks their hand in the holy water. Get it? Literally this means holy water.
Agua dulce – fresh water
Agua potable – drinking water
Agua salada – salt water
Agua de abajo depende de agua de arriba – upstream the cows piss in the water and downstream people drink it. The water downstream depends on the water upstream
Agua de lluvia – rain water
Aguas negras – sewage
Agua pasada no mueve molina – it’s no good crying over spilt milk. Also No llorar sobre la leche derramada.
Agua que no has de beber, dejalo correr – If you’re not going to drink the water than let it run. Other possible translation..You shouldn’t get mixed up in things that are of no interest to you or if you’re not going marry a person then let then him or her go.
Aguacero – a rain storm
Aguado – a boring person
Aguafiestas – party pooper, killjoy
Aguamar – jellyfish. Medusa is also used
Aguar la fiesta – to spoil the party
Ahogarse en un vaso de agua – to make a mountain out of a molehill
Baldazo – a heavy rain. Literally..a bucket full
Caerle como balde de agua fría – to not like something of someone. Me cae como balde de agua fría. You may also say me cae como una bomba. If you really want to be vulgar and insulting you can say “Me cae en la pura picha.” I do not recommend the latter if you value you life.
Cambiarle el agua al pajarito – to take a pee (change the bird’s water)
Cuando corren los canales, no salgas de tus umbrales – When it rains a lot, don’t leave the house.
Dar agua a los caites – to flee
Diluvio – a pouring rain
Echarse al agua – to take the plunge (figurative) or to tell on someone
En su charco – to do what one likes (in one’s pond)
Estar como agua para chocolate – to be mad or..estar hirviendo (boiling)
Estar con agua al cuello – to be up to one’s neck in something
Garuar – to drizzle in Costa Rica
¡Hombre al agua! – Man overboard!
Lo que por agua se viene y por agua se va – Easy come, easy go
Las desgracias nunca vienen solas – When it rains it pours
Las manos aguadas – butterfingers Manos de mantequilla is also used
Le va a llover – something is going to happen to you in abundance. Le va a llover dinero – You will make a lot of money.
Lo que por agua viene por agua se va – easy come, easy go
Llover a cántaros or llover zapos (toads) y ranas (frogs)– to rain cats and dogs.
Lloviznar – means to drizzle
Llueva o truene – come rain or shine
Lluvioso – rainy
Mañana oscura tarde segura – rainy weather in the morning gives way to a dry afternoon
Metérsele el agua – to go crazy
Nadar entre dos aguas – to be indecisive or to be sitting on the fence
No alcanzar para agua – to make ends meet or scrape by
No dar ni agua – to be very stingy
No hallar el agua en el mar – can’t see the forest through the trees
No te agüites – Don’t get sad!
Pasado por agua – soft boiled
Pelillo de gato – drizzle Llovizna is the correct Spanish word
Se me hace agua la boca – my mouth is watering
Venir como agua de mayo – to be a godsend

Antojar is a verb that has a variety of uses and is difficult for beginners to master. This should stat you on your way.

A su antojo – to do as one pleases
Example:
Quiero hacerlo a mi antojo – I want to do it my way

Antojar - to crave, to take a sudden fancy to; to Imagine
Example:
Se me antojó bastante dificil – I fancy it is it pretty difficult.
Se me antoja que va a llover – I’ve got imagine it is going to rain

Antojarsele a uno – to get into one’s head
Example:
Se me antojó ir a Costa Rica – I got it into my head to go to Costa Rica
No se le antoja ir – He doesn’t want to go

* The construction of the sentences in the examples above is much too difficult to explain to beginners.

Antojo – a whim or craving
Una mujer embarazada tiene muchos antojos raros– a pregnant woman has a lot of strange cravings

Antojos – can mean the same as antojitos below.
Antojitos - Snacks, hors d’oeuvres; traditional Mexican snack foods but also eaten in Costa Rica. Los Atojitos is the most famous and oldest chain of Mexican restaurants in Costa Rica.
Antojería – a restaurant that serves Mexican food.

Estar antojado – to want something

Expression of the week:

Si no te aclimatas, te aclichingas – If you don’t adapt, you will get screwed.
Al pueblo que fueres, haz lo vieres – When in Rome do as the Romans